Una idea equivocada sobre el azar

Todos los años, el día en que se presenta a sus alumnos, la profesora Deborah Nolan les pide que realicen una prueba muy sencilla. En primer lugar divide la clase en dos grupos y a continuación pide a los primeros que lancen una moneda al aire cien veces y anoten los resultados. Al segundo grupo les pide que imaginen que lanzan la moneda y anoten en un papel los resultados que ellos consideran posibles. A todos ellos les solicita que marquen las cuartillas con una pequeña señal que solo ellos reconozcan y, seguidamente, se marcha de la clase.

Al cabo de unos minutos, la profesora regresa al aula y pide a los alumnos que le dejen ver las pruebas. Una tras otra, la señora Nolan ojea las series de caras y cruces anotadas por los estudiantes y distingue perfectamente los lanzamientos reales de los lanzamientos imaginarios. ¿Cómo es posible? – se preguntan los alumnos con cara de "pasmados". (Seguir leyendo)

Tal y como relata Natalie Angier en su libro "El canon", muchos de los estudiantes piensan que la profesora ha hecho trampa o que tiene un chivato infiltrado. Sin embargo, la explicación es mucho más sencilla. "La casualidad tiene un sello distintivo – escribe Angier - y, hasta que uno no se familiariza con su patrón, probablemente puede pensar que es más desordenada y azarosa de lo que es en realidad. Nolan sabe qué aspecto tiene en realidad el azar, y sabe que la gente suele sentirse incómoda pensado que algo no parece lo suficientemente azaroso".

"En el verdadero lanzamiento de una moneda al aire", explica, "encontraremos muchos tramos de monotonía: series de cinco caras y siete cruces seguidas". Sin embargo, "en sus lanzamientos imaginarios, los estudiantes intentan compensar la 'excesiva coincidencia' con su intrínseca cautela, dando saltos hacia delante y hacia atrás, intercambiando frecuentemente las caras con las cruces". Por eso, a la profesora le basta un vistazo para saber que aquellas series en las que hay una tanda de más de cinco caras o cruces seguidas no ha sido elaborada por la desconfiada mente de sus alumnos.

* La anécdota aparece en El canon, de Natalie Angier, que aprovecho para recomendaros.

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"Guitar Hero II" for Xbox 360

GameDaily presents the One Minute Review of "Guitar Hero II" for the Xbox 360 Tags:

Colin McRae Tribute

a great video of a great pilot, Colin Mc Rae

Ayrton Senna: Monaco 1992

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The day we left the Moon

The following scene was filmed on December 14, 1972, on the southeastern rim of the Mare Serenitatis. The video shows lunar lift-off of Apollo 17. For a few seconds, the spacecraft gains height until it disappears in the darkness. On board there were two men, Eugene A. Cernan and Harrison H. Schmitt, the last two human who have walked on the Moon since then.


The scene is specially sad as it was a kind of farewell to the Moon until today. A few seconds before the lift-off, Commander Eugene A. Cernan pronounced his famous speech about "peace and hope for all mankind". However, it is said that his last "informal" words on the lunar surface, one second before lunar liftoff, were "Okay, Jack. Let"s get this mother outta here".

According to NASA, the television camera was mounted on the rover parked about 145 meters east of (behind) the lunar module. The ascent stage ignites and climbs, spacecraft foil and dust flying in all directions. Ed Fendell in Houston anticipates exactly the timing of ignition, lift-off, and the rate of climb, and the camera tilts to follows the ascent.

The original videos are avalaible at NASA"s official site. Here you can see the lift-off and the moments after the spacecraft had left. This is what we could see on the Moon a few seconds after the last men had gone:

How to move a 200-ton spectrometer across Europe

In November 2006, people living at Leopoldshafen, in Germany, witnessed a 200-ton container moving across the streets. It looked like an alien spaceship, but it was actually the main spectrometer of the KATRIN experiment, a project that will try to to measure the mass of the electron neutrino in 2009.

The main spectrometer is manufactured from stainless steel sheets, and it"s 24-meter long, a size that have never been built before. The detector was manufactured by MAN DWE in Deggendorf, but then had to be brought to Karlsruhe, which is about 400 km away from Deggendorf. However, since the tank was too big for European roads, they had to take an interesting detour.


After the vessel was built, scientists found a slight problem of transportability from Deggendorf to Karlsruhe: The tank was too big for motorways, and the canal between the rivers Rhine and Danube has to be ruled out, too. Thus, instead of a journey of about 400 km, the spectrometer has to travel nearly 9000 km as indicated in the map:

From Bavaria they shipped it on the Danube river to the Black Sea, from there via the Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar to the Atlantic Ocean all the way up to the Netherlands. On the Rhine River then they shipped it all the way to Leopoldshafen. [1]

The most difficult part was about to come then: the last 7 km, from the Rhine river to the research center, the spectrometer had to move across the narrow streets of some German locations.


At this point they had to uninstall traffic lights, cut trees, even uninstall some electrical wires. During the operation, they had two 14 ax lorries which were manoevered by a man standing on the first one using a remote control and having helpers to give him directions.


More info and sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 / Click on the pictures to see the credits

See also: How to move a 900-ton brick building / Inside Super K

Via: Popular Science

How to measure the speed of a glacier


Slow movements of glaciers are always fascinating when filmed in a time-lapse sequence. This video, for example, captures a series of 436 frames taken at Columbia Glacier near Valdez, Alaska, between May and September of 2007. The time-lapse was taken as part of the ongoing Extreme Ice Survey, an ambitious project to capture global warming-induced glacial retreat in the act.


Some months ago, PBS channel showed a documentary called "Descent into the Ice", in which a group of researches measured the speed of a glacier at the Alps. Once inside the glacier, 350 feet thick, they put a bicycle wheel mounted on a cantilever. As the glacier slides down the mountain, it spins the wheel. It moves two feet per day, or about an inch an hour. By speeding up his video record, we can see five month"s worth of ice flow:

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Best shot ever by Tiger woods

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Demostracion de la Yamaha MM6

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Hell exists, it"s full of sulfur and it"s located at Indonesia

Placed at the top of the Ijen volcano, in Indonesia, this sulfur mine was opened in 1968. About 200 miners, known as the "sulfur slaves", work here everyday and carry 70 to 90 kg of sulfur in their baskets from the crater floor. The typical daily earnings of these miners are equivalent to approximately $5.00 US. and their life expectancy is only about 30 years.

Escaping volcanic gasses are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. This sulphur trickles out of the end of the pipes, solidifying nearby as it cools further. The miners then break up the sulphur deposits and carry them out of the crater to a nearby sugar refinery.


Due to unprotected exposure to volcanic gases and loads of up to 100kg per trip, the life expectancy of the miners is low. Most miners make this journey twice a day. Serious injuries, especially chest and eye problems, are common but these men accept this form of martyrdom with resignation. The miner there get paid around $5 per day which is twice better daily income what they could earn on the coffee plantations.

A continuous upwelling of sulfur from fumaroles at the level of the lake is the basis of a thriving enterprise. Pure hot red sulfur, oozing out of hissing fissures, turns bright yellow as it dries. It's then broken up into big chunks with hammers and loaded into baskets. Typical loads range from 70–100 kilograms, and must be carried to the crater rim approximately 200 meters above before being carried several kilometers down the mountain.

At the end of the day, nine to 12 tons of sulfur have been delivered. A natural source of sulfuric acid, the sulfur is used by oil refineries and in the production of detergents and fertilizers. But miners won"t see the benefits. They"ll just risk their lives again and again, working without any type of protection or security, only to earn some money to feed their families.


More info and sources: 1, 2, 3, 4

See also: Slaves of Sulfur, splendid photographs by Michel L'Huillier.

Criaturas de pared


"He pasado el invierno haciendo algunos dibujos". Así presenta el artista callejero Blu su última obra, un corto titulado MUTO y realizado durante meses en las paredes de Buenos Aires. Lo mejor que he visto en mucho tiempo. Más en blublu.org

Más vídeos / Otros trabajos de Blu / Su blog / Via: Jean"s blog.

Paolo Maldini: 600 match in serie A

Paolo Maldini will mark his 600th Serie A appearance in the Milan derby tomorrow, but is reconsidering his retirement plans. "Now that my knees seem to be working again, I'd like to carry on for another season," he told 'La Stampa' newspaper. "It would have to be centre stage, though." Tags:

DENON DN-S1000 DEMO

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¡Poyejali!

¡Poyejali! es la frase que pronunció el cosmonauta soviético Yuri Gagarin un instante antes del despegue de la nave Vostok 1, que le convirtió en el primer hombre en el espacio. La frase, que se traduce como "¡Vámonos!", pasó a formar parte de la cultura popular rusa y terminó siendo un símbolo tan conocido como las famosas palabras de Neil Armstrong al pisar la Luna. Como explica la Wikipedia, se usa antes de iniciar algún trabajo o proyecto, especialmente si es complicado o arriesgado.

El diario ADN.es estrena esta semana una nueva sección dedicada únicamente al Espacio, lo que lo convierte en el primer medio generalista que hace una apuesta de este tipo. En ella tendrán cabida todas las noticias relacionadas con las nuevas misiones espaciales y el apasionante mundo de la investigación astronómica. Si os interesan estos asuntos, os invito a estar pendientes de la nueva sección. Y a mis compañeros de Tecnología solo me queda desearles suerte y decirles aquello de ¡Poyejali!

Enlace: ADN.es- Espacio

Excelente programa de Musica

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Los caballeros del cielo

El vídeo que vais a ver a continuación contiene algunas de las escenas de aviación más espectaculares jamás recogidas por una cámara. La secuencia pertenece al DVD de la película Les Chevaliers du Ciel, estrenada en 2005 y filmada con la colaboración del ejército francés. Las imágenes muestran las espectaculares maniobras de un Mirage 2000 y un Alphajet entre nubes y montañas y fueron tomadas por una cámara HD en las alas de un avión. No se utilizó ningún efecto digital.

La recopilación dura 20 minutos, por eso os recomiendo buscar un momento para verlo con tranquilidad. Creedme, no os arrepentiréis.


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Materazzi one more time Bloopers very funny

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